The countries of Europe

Forty-five states on the smallest inhabited continent, and a size gap that exists nowhere else: between Russia and the Vatican the ratio is one to thirty-five million.

Reference · 45 countries · game data, updated August 2026

Europe has 45 countries in the count used here — the 195 states GeoG recognises, meaning the 193 UN members and its two observers. Russia is included, because that is where most of its population lives and where its capital is; Turkey and Kazakhstan are filed under Asia.

The continent of size extremes

No other continent spreads so wide. Russia is the largest country in the world; Vatican City, at under half a square kilometre and fewer than a thousand inhabitants, is the smallest sovereign state on the planet. Between them, Europe lines up four more micro-states — Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein and Andorra — which in a random draw weigh exactly as much as Germany.

Those five are the classic blind spot of revision. They have their own guide: the micro-states.

Fourteen landlocked countries

Europe has fourteen states with no access to the sea, nearly a third of the continent: Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Moldova, Belarus, Luxembourg, and the four Alpine and Pyrenean micro-states. One of them, Liechtenstein, is doubly landlocked: both its neighbours — Switzerland and Austria — have no coastline either. There is only one other such case in the world, Uzbekistan.

The most surrounded country

Russia shares a land border with fourteen countries, tied worldwide with China. Germany has nine, and France eight in the game's reckoning, which keeps only metropolitan territory.

The complete list

Population, area and number of land neighbours for each of the 45 countries.

Country	Capital	Population	Area (km²)	Neighbours
Albania	Tirana	2,377,128	28,750	3
Germany	Berlin	83,516,593	357,680	9
Andorra	Andorra la Vella	81,938	470	2
Austria	Vienna	9,177,982	83,879	8
Belgium	Brussels	11,858,610	30,689	4
Belarus	Minsk	9,132,629	207,629	5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	3,164,253	51,210	3
Bulgaria	Sofia	6,441,421	110,996.758	5
Cyprus	Nicosia	1,358,282	9,250	0
Vatican City	Vatican City	882	0.49	1
Croatia	Zagreb	3,866,200	88,070	5
Denmark	Copenhagen	5,976,992	42,920	1
Spain	Madrid	48,848,840	505,975.98	4
Estonia	Tallinn	1,372,341	45,340	2
Finland	Helsinki	5,619,911	338,480	3
France	Paris	68,551,653	606,410	8
Greece	Athens	10,405,134	131,960	4
Hungary	Budapest	9,562,065	93,030	7
Ireland	Dublin	5,395,790	70,280	1
Iceland	Reykjavik	386,506	103,000	0
Italy	Rome	58,952,704	302,070	6
Latvia	Riga	1,866,124	64,590	4
Liechtenstein	Vaduz	40,450	160	2
Lithuania	Vilnius	2,888,278	65,290	4
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	677,012	2,590	3
North Macedonia	Skopje	1,824,359	25,710	4
Malta	Valletta	568,847	320	0
Moldova	Chișinău	2,402,306	33,850	2
Monaco	Monaco	38,631	74.9	1
Montenegro	Podgorica	623,525	13,888	4
Norway	Oslo	5,572,279	624,500	3
Netherlands	Amsterdam	17,993,485	41,540	2
Poland	Warsaw	36,559,233	313,930	7
Portugal	Lisbon	10,694,681	92,230	1
Romania	Bucharest	19,051,804	238,400	5
United Kingdom	London	69,281,000	243,610	1
Russia	Moscow	143,669,648	17,125,190	14
San Marino	City of San Marino	33,977	60	1
Serbia	Belgrade	6,586,476	84,990	7
Slovakia	Bratislava	5,422,069	49,030	5
Slovenia	Ljubljana	2,127,400	20,480	4
Sweden	Stockholm	10,569,709	528,660	2
Switzerland	Bern	9,005,582	41,290.7	5
Czechia	Prague	10,905,028	78,871.43	4
Ukraine	Kyiv	37,860,221	603,550	7

Frequently asked

How many countries are there in Europe?

45 in GeoG’s count, Russia included. Turkey and Kazakhstan, straddling two continents, are filed under Asia.

What is the smallest country in Europe?

Vatican City: under half a square kilometre and fewer than a thousand inhabitants. It is also the smallest sovereign state in the world.

How many European countries have no coastline?

Fourteen, nearly a third of the continent. It is the highest proportion of any continent after Africa.

Can you place these 45 countries on a map?

GeoG's 3D Globe mode plays continent by continent: run Europe on its own, or all 195 countries of the world.

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